{"id":673,"date":"2024-12-05T06:54:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T06:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/?page_id=673"},"modified":"2025-09-29T18:53:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T18:53:38","slug":"ss_peace-agreements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/ss_peace-agreements\/","title":{"rendered":"Peace agreements"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"673\" class=\"elementor elementor-673\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-678d8e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"678d8e7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4891a09 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4891a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37f6d79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"37f6d79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c59d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26c59d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peace agreements<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1792d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f1792d2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a21711 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4a21711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b990681 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b990681\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3c0da0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a3c0da0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc5fb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bc5fb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">South Sudan Peace Agreements<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-599e75c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"599e75c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2bc54d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2bc54d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"272\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/peace__agr_chronologie.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-707\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/peace__agr_chronologie.png 837w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/peace__agr_chronologie-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/peace__agr_chronologie-768x262.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f3939 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"07f3939\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec5eb6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ec5eb6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694694d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"694694d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"110389581\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1103895811\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1103895811\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe Addis Ababa Peace Agreement on the Problem of Southern Sudan\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1103895811\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1103895811\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6b498eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b498eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0576748 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0576748\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-070f6d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"070f6d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u00a0Date:<\/b>\u00a0February 27, 1972.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Government of Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uca.edu\/politicalscience\/home\/research-projects\/dadm-project\/sub-saharan-africa-region\/71-republic-of-sudansouthern-sudan-1956-2011\/\">Southern Sudan Liberation Movement<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b715f31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b715f31\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2898d9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2898d9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">The agreement ended 17 years of the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/learn_more_ss.html#fscw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972)<\/a>\u00a0and granted the people of Southern Sudan self-rule through the establishment of the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43660097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern Sudan Autonomous Region.<\/a>\u00a0The people of Southern Sudan enjoyed relative peace, exercised self-rule and practiced multiparty democracy.<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\"><span id=\"u33986-9\">Status of the agreement:<\/span>\u00a0The agreement was abrogated on June 5, 1983 when the former President Numeri of the Republic of Sudan unilaterally divided Southern Sudan into three regions \u2013 Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile and Equatoria \u2013 and imposed Sharia laws contrary to the provisions of the Agreement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cfb6d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3cfb6d6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d23839 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"8d23839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"147994681\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1479946811\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1479946811\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe Sudan Peace Agreement\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1479946811\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1479946811\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-79b1b10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79b1b10\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-386e70e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"386e70e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a69b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20a69b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u00a0Date:\u00a0<\/b>April 21, 1997.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Khartoum, Sudan.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Government of Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.peaceagreements.org\/masterdocument\/550&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiuwrTxjKyHAxXbmZUCHTkfClcQFnoECB0QAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3TsinRwmCJEMNwQEUPut83\">United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF).<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00ce731 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00ce731\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-698aa10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"698aa10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">The agreement granted the people of Southern Sudan the opportunity to exercise the right to\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/sudan\/civil-war-and-peace-process-sudan-brief-account\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">self-determination<\/a>\u00a0through a referendum to be conducted before the end of interim period of four years. It also granted the people of Southern Sudan special autonomous status of self-rule through the establishment of the Southern Sudan Coordination Council.<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\"><span id=\"u34042-6\">Status of the agreement:<\/span>\u00a0The agreement was not fully implemented and the right of self-determination for the people of South Sudan was not exercised by the end of the interim period of the Agreement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2addfd1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2addfd1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba151bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba151bf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92d0ac2 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"92d0ac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"153946818\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1539468181\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1539468181\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1539468181\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1539468181\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-fd18686 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd18686\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5e781 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d5e781\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9abac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df9abac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>Date:\u00a0<\/b>January 9, 2005.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Nairobi, Kenya.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Government of Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/irp.fas.org\/world\/para\/spla.htm\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement\/the Sudan People\u2019s<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0Liberation Army (SPLM\/A)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90c2a00 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90c2a00\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6c5661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6c5661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">The agreement ended 21 years of the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/learn_more_ss.html#sscw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005)<\/a>. It granted the people of South Sudan the opportunity to exercise the right to self-determination through a\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eisa.org\/storage\/2023\/05\/2011-journal-of-african-elections-v10n1-southern-sudan-referendum-self-determination-legal-challenges-procedural-solutions-eisa.pdf?x69889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">referendum<\/a>\u00a0to be conducted before the end of interim period of six years. It also granted the people of Southern Sudan an autonomous self-rule through the establishment of the Southern Sudan Government with its own constitution that provided for the establishment of Executive, Parliament, Judiciary and security forces (army, police, prisons and wildlife).<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\"><span id=\"u34068-9\">Status of the agreement:<\/span>\u00a0 Despite the fact that some of the protocols of the CPA were not implemented, the people of Southern Sudan exercised their right to self-determination in January 2011 with\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12317927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overwhelming majority<\/a>\u00a0(98.83%) of the population voting for secession and independence. This culminated in the birth of a new country on July 9, 2011.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a87fbd0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a87fbd0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3beaa11 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3beaa11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"62827025\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-628270251\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-628270251\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAgreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (ARCSS)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-628270251\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-628270251\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-704a7f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"704a7f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f23d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7f23d3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3dc0f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3dc0f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u00a0Date:\u00a0<\/b>August 17, 2015.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Republic of South Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ucdp.uu.se\/additionalinfo\/4226\/0\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">(SPLM-IO)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article53837\/\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-Former Detainees<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\"><br \/>(SPLM-FD)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Political Parties of South Sudan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e736f7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e736f7b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f22c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13f22c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">The agreement ended the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/learn_more_ss.html#fsscw\"><span class=\"s1\">First South Sudanese Civil War (2013-2015)<\/span><\/a>. It provided series of reforms in the governance, constitution, economy and oil sector, judiciary, and security sector, as well as a commitment to transitional justice and conduct of elections before the end of transitional period. It also provided for the establishment of Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU) to manage the transition towards a democratically-elected government.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Status of the agreement:<\/b>\u00a0The agreement was stalled within less than one year after the formation of the TGoNU as violent conflict erupted on July 7, 2016 between the major signatories to the agreement; the Republic of South Sudan and the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e1047 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"79e1047\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ff509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27ff509\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5ebebc e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"a5ebebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"173981372\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1739813721\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1739813721\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tRevitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1739813721\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1739813721\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-90664ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90664ec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-495f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"495f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b602e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b602e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>Date:\u00a0<\/b>September 12, 2018.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Republic of South Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ucdp.uu.se\/additionalinfo\/4226\/0\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">(SPLM-IO)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article53837\/\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-Former Detainees<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0(SPLM-FD)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">South Sudanese Opposition Alliance (SSOA)<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Other Political Parties (OPP) of South Sudan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7702c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b7702c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f953725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f953725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">The agreement ended the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/learn_more_ss.html#ssscw\"><span class=\"s1\">Second South Sudanese Civil War (2016-2018)<\/span><\/a>. As in the case of the ARCSS, the R-ARCSS revived the series of reforms in the governance, constitution, economy and oil sector, judiciary, and security sector, as well as a commitment to transitional justice as provided for in the ARCSS and conduct of elections by March 12, 2022, two months before the end of transitional period. It also provided for the establishment of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/jmecsouthsudan.org\/index.php\/media-center\/news\/item\/665-three-years-of-the-rtgonu-unity-of-purpose-to-lead-the-country-to-enduring-peace-through-implementation-of-r-arcss\"><span class=\"s1\">Revitalised Transitional Government of National Unity<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(R-TGoNU) that expanded the elites power-sharing arrangements to include five vice presidents, expanded Parliament to 550 members and Cabinet to 35 ministers and 10 deputy ministers.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jmecsouthsudan.com\/index.php\"><b>Status of the agreement:<\/b><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/span>Most of the provisions of the R-ARCSS were not implemented except the formation of the R-TGoNU and most of the reforms were not undertaken.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/south-sudan\/democratic-elections-south-sudan-march-1-2022\"><span class=\"s1\">The general elections expected<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to be held by March 2022 and the elected government expected to be formed by May 2022 were not fulfilled. With the delay in the formation of the R-TGoNU, the parties to the R-ARCSS agreed to extend the 36-month transitional period. These extensions pushed the formation of the R-TGoNU to February 22, 2020 and that made it difficult to conduct elections by December 2022.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f6f6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94f6f6a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0e8397 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0e8397\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-037aeac e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"037aeac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"3649196\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-36491961\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-36491961\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAgreement on the Roadmap to a Peaceful and Democratic End of the Transitional Period of the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS)\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-36491961\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-36491961\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-d93d836 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d93d836\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc607f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcc607f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08b8df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08b8df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u00a0Date:\u00a0<\/b>August 2, 2022.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0<\/b>Juba, South Sudan.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>\u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Republic of South Sudan<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/xn--sudan%20peoples%20liberation%20movement-in-opposition-uu07a\/\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0(SPLM-IO)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article53837\/\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement-Former Detainees\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">(SPLM-FD)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article62997\/\">South Sudanese Opposition Alliance<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u00a0(SSOA)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Other Political Parties (OPP) of South Sudan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8af1219 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8af1219\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31ff47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e31ff47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">The agreement resuscitated the R-ARCSS by extending the transitional period and lifespan of the R-ARCSS by 24 months to February 2025 with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/south-sudan\/rjmec-report-status-implementation-revitalised-agreement-resolution-conflict-republic-south-sudan-period-1st-april-30th-june-2023\"><span class=\"s1\">general elections<\/span><\/a>\u00a0that would be conducted by December 2024. This extension came after a collective and thorough review of the status of implementation of all provisions of the R-ARCSS with 149 provisions remaining to be implemented. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/south-sudan-parties-to-extend-transitional-period-by-24-months\/#google_vignette\"><span class=\"s1\">new extension<\/span><\/a>\u00a0was agreed in July 2024.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Status of the agreement:<\/b>\u00a0There is not much progress made in the implementation of the 149 remaining provisions. This poses a real dilemma to the parties signatory to the R-ARCSS on whether to extend the transitional period again and to delay elections or hold elections under the circumstances. Such dilemma is even complicated by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiotamazuj.org\/en\/news\/article\/most-e-equatoria-citizens-disappointed-by-possible-extension-of-transitional-period\"><span class=\"s1\">growing demand<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to end the continuous extension of the transitional period and hold elections on time as agreed by the parties to the R-ARCSS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peace agreements South Sudan Peace Agreements The Addis Ababa Peace Agreement on the Problem of Southern Sudan \u00a0Date:\u00a0February 27, 1972. \u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement Government of Sudan Southern Sudan Liberation Movement \u00a0Date:\u00a0February 27, 1972. \u2022\u00a0Venue:\u00a0Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. \u2022\u00a0Parties to the agreement Government of Sudan Southern Sudan Liberation Movement The agreement ended 17 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-673","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=673"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5567,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/673\/revisions\/5567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}