{"id":3234,"date":"2025-03-24T08:54:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T08:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/?page_id=3234"},"modified":"2025-09-30T19:53:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T19:53:33","slug":"non-state-institutions-and-actors-armed-groups","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/non-state-institutions-and-actors-armed-groups\/","title":{"rendered":"Non-state institutions and actors &#8211; armed groups"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3234\" class=\"elementor elementor-3234\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c8eff e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20c8eff\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-636b5c1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"636b5c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1fcfdb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a1fcfdb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27a9b64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27a9b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Non-state institutions and actors<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d7ab6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c0d7ab6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f887cc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6f887cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467ad52 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"467ad52\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c92cc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c92cc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">The provision of security, safety and justice services in South Sudan is complementary and reinforcing. The way these services are delivered is well provided in the Constitution and in various legislations.<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">Cumulative evidence suggests that non-state security actors are sometimes more effective than state security actors in the delivery of security, safety and justice, particularly in the countries that are<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dac\/conflict-fragility-resilience\/docs\/38434642.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0fragile or emerging from conflict<\/a>, as the presence of state security actors is weak, particularly in rural settings. In South Sudan, a majority of citizens rely on\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.southsudanngoforum.org\/research-paper\/local-justice-southern-sudan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">informal institutions<\/a>\u00a0for security, safety and justice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c8900f e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c8900f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e56242 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0e56242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/customary-authorities\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Customary Authorities<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee64716 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ee64716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/non-state-institutions-and-actors-community-defense-forces\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Community Defence Forces<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11ea5d elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c11ea5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/non-state-institutions-and-actors-armed-groups\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Armed Groups<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b8e6b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b8e6b7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb6aefa elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cb6aefa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d55d458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d55d458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Organised Armed Groups in South Sudan<\/strong><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2567d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2567d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-760 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-parties-to-peace-agreements-_graph-300x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-parties-to-peace-agreements-_graph-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-parties-to-peace-agreements-_graph.png 515w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>The phenomenon of the organised armed groups is new in South Sudan but it became prevalent during the counterinsurgency warfare in the Sudan\u2019s second civil war (1983 \u2013 2005). This phenomenon became even more rampant during the first (2013 \u2013 2015) and the second (2016 \u2013 2018) civil wars in South Sudan.<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">The proliferation of the organised armed groups increased considerably during the 2015 and 2018 Peace Agreements. This is attributed largely to the pattern of peace agreements that rewarded the armed groups in the power-sharing arrangements and created a gun-class that dominates the political marketplace in South Sudan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ab1254 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3ab1254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15dd2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15dd2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Organised Armed Groups<\/strong><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3bd43a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d3bd43a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1014\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-armed-groups-map-_graph-1-808x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-761\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-armed-groups-map-_graph-1-808x1024.png 808w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-armed-groups-map-_graph-1-237x300.png 237w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-armed-groups-map-_graph-1-768x973.png 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ss_ag-armed-groups-map-_graph-1.png 842w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367deba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"367deba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span id=\"u33770\">Sources:\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.suddinstitute.org\/who-we-are\/team\/member\/524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luka Biong Deng Kuol<\/a>, HSGO expert.\u00a0 David Deng,\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/issafrica.org\/research\/east-africa-report\/compound-fractures-political-formations-armed-groups-and-regional-mediation-in-south-sudan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compound fractures: political formations, armed groups and regional mediation in South Sudan<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e3fb03 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e3fb03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86fadd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86fadd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/revitalized-peace-deal-outsiders-who-are-they\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political Parties and Armed Groups<\/a>\u00a0<strong>Signatories to the 2018 Peace Agreement<\/strong> (<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/south-sudan\/revitalised-agreement-resolution-conflict-republic-south-sudan-r-arcss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R-ARCSS<\/a>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c39695a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c39695a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">* The SSPDF is the national armed forces of the Republic of South Sudan. Although the SSPDF may not fit into the definition of organised armed groups, its history of formation provides some characteristics and traits of the organised armed group. It was formerly known as the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/mofaic.gov.ss\/national-days\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army<\/a>\u00a0(SPLA), the military wing of the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement (SPLM) that fought more than 20 years (1983 \u2013 2005) against the Sudanese Armed Forces. After the signing of the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/SD_060000_The%20Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement<\/a>\u00a0in 2005, the SPLA was recognised as part of the national armed forces of Sudan. With the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the SPLA became the national armed forces of the new Republic of South Sudan. Following the eruption of the first civil war in 2013, the SPLA\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2979\/africonfpeacrevi.6.2.06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">split into two factions<\/a>\u00a0along ethnic lines with one faction supporting Gen. Salva Kiir, the President of South Sudan, and the other faction supporting Dr. Riek Machar, the Vice President of South Sudan. Its name was later changed to the SSPDF.<\/p><p class=\"TX_Lato_150\">**Led by\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article48133\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riek Machar<\/a>, the SPLM\/A has been the\u00a0<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/ucdp.uu.se\/additionalinfo\/4226\/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">main armed opposition<\/a>\u00a0and emerged after the SPLA split in 2013.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-827c2e9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"827c2e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a06cdb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a06cdb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/revitalized-peace-deal-outsiders-who-are-they\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political Parties and Armed Groups<\/a>\u00a0<strong>Not-Signatories to the 2018 Peace Agreement<\/strong> (<a class=\"nonblock\" href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/south-sudan\/revitalised-agreement-resolution-conflict-republic-south-sudan-r-arcss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R-ARCSS<\/a>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea46757 elementor-pagination-type-bullets elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"ea46757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;National Salvation Front (NAS)&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b03aa18&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Sudan People\\u2019s Liberation Movement\\\/Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) Kitgwang&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;9d77f17&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;South Sudan People\\u2019s Movement\\\/Army (SSPM\\\/A)&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;c5c50fd&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;4cd3790&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #4&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;608c079&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #5&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;417cd29&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #6&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;bd6f86a&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #7&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;f73f654&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #8&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;3abc7bf&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #9&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;6c21cef&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #10&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;3262db5&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide 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#27&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pagination&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a59e3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a59e3f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6890ee6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6890ee6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794cdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"794cdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nassouthsudan.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">National Salvation Front (NAS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e439702 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e439702\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-723438c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"723438c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a865bf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a865bf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7xmkPzWwcbQ\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement\/Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) Kitgwang<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977024d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"977024d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-340561d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"340561d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-905447c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"905447c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7xmkPzWwcbQ\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan People\u2019s Movement\/Army (SSPM\/A)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"4\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c91a7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6c91a7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e24a69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e24a69\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b07a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"64b07a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article281071\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan United Front (SSUF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"5\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8b53d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a8b53d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d26be06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d26be06\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-719abe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"719abe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiotamazuj.org\/en\/news\/article\/interview-kiir-has-deliberately-destroyed-splm-and-is-not-interested-in-bringing-genuine-peace-pagan-amum\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Real SPLM \u2013 Pagan Amum Okiech<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"6\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afde690 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"afde690\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e179eca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e179eca\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6663c03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6663c03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/south-sudan-opposition-leader-western-allies-envoys-discuss-peace-process\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Equatoria People\u2019s Alliance (EPA)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"7\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef45d7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ef45d7f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0469104 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0469104\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25381f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"25381f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article261599\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">National Democratic Movement (NDM-Patriotic Front)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"8\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b4525 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33b4525\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27e91f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27e91f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b21cb74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b21cb74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Revive South Sudan Party (RSSP<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"9\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"9 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2802284 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2802284\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c918f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c918f0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb4e578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bb4e578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/ex-opposition-governor-urges-rebels-to-join-him-for-fundamental-change-in-south-sudan\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement in Opposition \u2013 Reformists (SPLM-IO Reformists)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"10\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3aa816 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f3aa816\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9fda9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a9fda9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0788be elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a0788be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiotamazuj.org\/en\/news\/article\/udrm-agrees-to-participate-in-kenya-mediated-peace-talks\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">United Democratic Revolutionary Movement (UDRM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"11\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"11 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7e8484 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7e8484\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-025cc43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"025cc43\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61625e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"61625e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/south-sudans-newly-formed-rebel-group-welcomes-proposed-kenyan-mediation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Patriots\u2019 Resistance Movement (PRM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"12\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"12 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc80ae5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc80ae5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d2ba5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23d2ba5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1557c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f1557c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eyeradio.org\/ssnmc-party-says-ready-for-2024-election\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan National Movement for Change (SSNMC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"13\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"13 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1532e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e1532e7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-114531f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"114531f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22938d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"22938d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-04\/sr_493-conflict_and_crisis_in_south_sudans_equatoria.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">National Salvation Front Revolutionary Command Council (NAS-RCC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"14\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"14 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a90a5c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a90a5c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19bd67c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19bd67c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73ddf21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73ddf21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/tag\/south-sudan-united-front\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan United Front Progressive (SSUF-P)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"15\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"15 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc5d990 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc5d990\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-902033b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"902033b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b948164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b948164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Upper Nile Liberation Front (UNLF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"16\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"16 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7cec0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d7cec0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2282bcf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2282bcf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ab2bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"74ab2bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eyeradio.org\/udrm-npm-quit-nairobis-tumaini-initiative-deng\/#google_vignette\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">National People\u2019s Movement (NPM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"17\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"17 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-500b551 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"500b551\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2ae41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f2ae41\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-868741b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"868741b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/sspdf-says-pursuing-comedian-turned-rebel-leader-after-clash\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">People\u2019s Freedom Movement (PFM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"18\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"18 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6e477 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c6e477\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b56c4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b56c4a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a664e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5a664e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanspost.com\/south-sudans-udrm-quits-ssuna-accuses-pagan-of-tribal-conspiracy\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Nilotia Peoples\u2019 Movement (NPM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"19\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"19 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc91ced e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc91ced\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b092c1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b092c1d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f97a8b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f97a8b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article286629\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">People\u2019s Coalition for Civil Action (PCCA)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"20\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"20 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc05743 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc05743\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-565460e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"565460e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5622a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d5622a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article62339\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan United Movement (SSUM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"21\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"21 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e7862a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e7862a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a36384 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a36384\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e5f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34e5f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article269071\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan National Movement for Change (SSNMC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"22\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"22 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6acf3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe6acf3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f74423 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f74423\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-212a33e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"212a33e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Upper Nile Liberation Front (ULF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"23\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"23 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4599d8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4599d8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46369ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46369ef\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8145165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8145165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sudansupport.no\/2020\/12\/08\/interview-drms-lako-kwajok-demands-federalism-calls-for-regime-change\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Democratic Resistance Movement (DRM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"24\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"24 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96bd2f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96bd2f5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e4e283 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e4e283\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a9b0ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6a9b0ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/onecitizendaily.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/14\/new-rebel-faction-discloses-miliary-coalition\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan Rescue Front (SSRF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"25\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"25 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2c491 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee2c491\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8adcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d8adcc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba1f9f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ba1f9f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">United South Sudan Revolutionary Movement (USSRM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"26\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"26 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e7c7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4e7c7f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0811da7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0811da7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e340888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e340888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">South Sudan United National Front (SSUNF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"27\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"27 of 27\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a273 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a273\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-130ab43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"130ab43\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e0e7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e9e0e7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eyeradio.org\/nas-commander-dumps-cirillo-forms-own-group\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">National Salvation Front United Forces (NASUF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Non-state institutions and actors The provision of security, safety and justice services in South Sudan is complementary and reinforcing. The way these services are delivered is well provided in the Constitution and in various legislations. Cumulative evidence suggests that non-state security actors are sometimes more effective than state security actors in the delivery of security, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3234","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5600,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3234\/revisions\/5600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}