{"id":239,"date":"2024-12-02T18:40:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T18:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/?page_id=239"},"modified":"2025-12-16T14:46:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T14:46:37","slug":"mali_donee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/mali_donee\/","title":{"rendered":"Mali_donee"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"239\" class=\"elementor elementor-239\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-534b4d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"534b4d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-423ad9d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"423ad9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977d594 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"977d594\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06abb50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06abb50\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789a785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"789a785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MALI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb0277 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb0277\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031b64b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"031b64b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En savoir plus sur la situation et l\u2019histoire du Mali<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70e026b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70e026b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e99812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4e99812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"129\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/mali_flag.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-160\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f4b756 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f4b756\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c165ba elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5c165ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/mali\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">retour<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7269cd13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7269cd13\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa2cbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2aa2cbe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Mali en chiffres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a01151a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a01151a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a072429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a072429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/resolution-2797-2025-1.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mali-en-chiffres-updated-1024x651.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6796\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mali-en-chiffres-updated-1024x651.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mali-en-chiffres-updated-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mali-en-chiffres-updated-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mali-en-chiffres-updated.jpg 1078w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Carte actualis\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9solution 2797 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies (2025).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ba7e91 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ba7e91\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f9ccd e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"69f9ccd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a04d3 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d8a04d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/lectures_et_videos\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">En savoir plus sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019histoire du pays ? Lectures et vid\u00e9os sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b2f931 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b2f931\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bbad5c elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7bbad5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#1991\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Les diff\u00e9rents accords de paix depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du Mali <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b257d8b elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b257d8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Dates cl\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire du Mali<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af2e493 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"af2e493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#hero\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">H\u00e9ros et guerriers dans l\u2019histoire du Mali<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14c785a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"14c785a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9d7162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f9d7162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"1991\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-723a0f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"723a0f2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d7d0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25d7d0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Les diff\u00e9rents Accords de paix conclus depuis 1991<\/b><\/h4><p class=\"p2\">\u2022\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_910106_Accord%20sur%20la%20cessation%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">L\u2019Accord de Tamanrasset<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9\u0301 sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et sign\u00e9 le 06 janvier 1991 en Alg\u00e9rie.\u00a0\u00a0 Elle \u00e9tait conduite par la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation commune MPA-FIAA et celle du gouvernement du Mali. Son application a cependant \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue par le coup d\u2019\u00c9tat de mars 1991.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022 Le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_920411_PacteNationalGouvMaliAzawad.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Pacte national<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Bamako le 11 avril 1992 par le Coordinateur des Mouvements et Fronts unifi\u00e9s de l\u2019AZAWAD et le Gouvernement malien apr\u00e8s la tenue de la Conf\u00e9rence nationale (tenue du 29 juillet au 12 ao\u00fbt 1991).<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022 Les Accords de Bourem en 1995 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9s suite aux tensions survenues entre Touareg et Arabes.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022 En 1996, la \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/assets\/flamme_de_la_paix.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Flamme de la paix<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00bb a eu pour objectif de mettre fin aux conflits intercommunautaires dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022 En 2006,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/mali-accordalger2006\"><span class=\"s1\">l\u2019Accord d\u2019Alger pour la Restauration de la Paix, de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du D\u00e9veloppement dans la r\u00e9gion de Kidal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0fut sign\u00e9 avec l\u2019Alliance pour la D\u00e9mocratie et le Changement (ADC). Sa signature n\u2019emp\u00eachera pas les r\u00e9bellions de 2011-2012 et la proclamation de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des r\u00e9gions du Nord par le Mouvement national pour la Lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Azawad (MNLA).<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_130618_AccordElectionsDialogueInclusif.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">L\u2019Accord pr\u00e9liminaire de Ouagadougou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0de 2013 a permis de ramener les parties autour de la table et a conduit \u00e0 la signature de l\u2019Accord issu du processus d\u2019Alger.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.peaceagreements.org\/wview\/1365\/Accord%20Pour%20la%20Paix%20et%20la%20Reconciliation%20au%20Mali%20-%20Issu%20du%20Processus%20d'Alger\"><span class=\"s1\">L\u2019accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali issu du processus d\u2019Alger<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Bamako les 15 Mai par le Gouvernement malien et la Plateforme et le 20 Juin 2015 par la CMA, sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de la communaut\u00e9 internationale.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022 En 2017, la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/base.afrique-gouvernance.net\/docs\/rapport_cen_final.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Conf\u00e9rence d\u2019Entente Nationale<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 tenue \u00e0 Bamako, suivie du Dialogue National Inclusif (DNI) en 2019. Ces deux assises ont notamment recommand\u00e9 l\u2019ouverture de pourparlers avec les chefs des groupes djihadistes Iyad Ad Galy et Hamadoun Kouffa.<\/p><p class=\"p2\">\u2022\u00a0 En 2021, se sont tenues les\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/assets\/anr_recommandations_panel_vf_(2).pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Assises Nationales de la Refondation<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(ANR).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0912b4d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0912b4d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a94978d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a94978d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Chronologie<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c508bbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c508bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/en-savoir-plus_chronologie.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-381\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/en-savoir-plus_chronologie.png 830w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/en-savoir-plus_chronologie-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/en-savoir-plus_chronologie-768x551.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f444ae elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5f444ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a563ad2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a563ad2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6599943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6599943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"date\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71fd07e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71fd07e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Dates cl\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire du Mali<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f3ace4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6f3ace4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS-1024x1024.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-382\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Cover_ACEMS.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a93c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7a93c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>D\u00e8s 1959 :\u00a0<\/b>d\u00e9but de la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/hebdo\/20160408-touareg-origines-revolte-mali-niger-burkina-faso-algerie-libye\"><span class=\"s1\">R\u00e9belion Touar\u00e8gue<\/span><\/a>\u00a0violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Septembre 1960 :<\/b>\u00a0l\u2019ex-Soudan fran\u00e7ais devient la R\u00e9publique du Mali. Pr\u00e9sidence de Modibo Keita.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>1963-1964 :<\/b>\u00a0r\u00e9volte touar\u00e8gue. Premiers exodes des Touareg vers l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et la Libye.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>D\u00e9cembre 1968 :\u00a0<\/b>coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire, Modibo Ke\u00efta est emprisonn\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>1968-1991 :<\/b>\u00a0r\u00e9gime dictatorial dirig\u00e9 par\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/koulouba.ml\/la-presidence\/histoire-symboles\/les-anciens-presidents-de-la-republique\/moussa-traore\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Moussa Traor\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0et le Comit\u00e9 Militaire de Lib\u00e9ration\u00a0\u00a0 Nationale.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Juin 1990 :\u00a0<\/b>r\u00e9bellion touar\u00e8gue contre l\u2019oppression malienne.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Janvier 1991 :\u00a0<\/b>signature d\u2019un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_910106_Accord%20sur%20la%20cessation%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Accord de paix \u00e0 Tamanrasset\u00a0<\/span><\/a>(Alg\u00e9rie), accord qui n\u2019est pas appliqu\u00e9 entra\u00eenant la reprise de la r\u00e9bellion suivie d\u2019une intense r\u00e9pression et d\u2019exactions militaires provoquant un exode vers les pays voisins.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mars 1991 :<\/b>\u00a0renversement de Moussa Traor\u00e9 par un nouveau coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire. Transition d\u00e9mocratique dirig\u00e9e par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/koulouba.ml\/la-presidence\/histoire-symboles\/les-anciens-presidents-de-la-republique\/amadou-toumani-toure\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Amadou Toumani Tour\u00e9<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Avril 1992 :<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/perspective.usherbrooke.ca\/bilan\/servlet\/BMEve\/1744\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives et pr\u00e9sidentielles<\/span><\/a>. Victoire de l\u2019Alliance pour la d\u00e9mocratie au Mali (ADEMA) et \u00e9lection \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de Alpha Oumar Konar\u00e9 qui sera r\u00e9\u00e9lu en 1997. Signature du Pacte national de paix avec les Touareg.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Janvier 1994 :<\/b>\u00a0d\u00e9valuation de 50% du franc CFA qui entra\u00eene une hausse importante du co\u00fbt de la vie et provoque des manifestations (janvier). Aggravation des tensions dans le Nord, en particulier entre les communaut\u00e9s s\u00e9dentaires songha\u00ef, les Touareg et les Arabes avec pour r\u00e9sultat la formation du Mouvement patriotique Ganda Koi (&#8220;ma\u00eetres de la terre&#8221; en songha\u00ef), le MPGK.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Janvier 1995 :<\/b>\u00a0signature des accords de Bourem entre le MPGK et le Front populaire pour la lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Azawad (FPLA), principalement compos\u00e9 de Touareg.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mars 1996 :\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de la &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/assets\/flamme_de_la_paix.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">flamme de la Paix de Tombouctou<\/span><\/a>&#8221; et dissolution des deux mouvements de r\u00e9bellion malienne, le MFUA (Mouvements et fronts unifi\u00e9s de l\u2019Azawad) et le MPGK (Mouvement Patriotique Ganda Koye).<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Juin 2002 :<\/b>\u00a0alternance d\u00e9mocratique avec l\u2019\u00e9lection de Amadou Toumani Traor\u00e9 (ATT) \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence, r\u00e9\u00e9lu le 29 avril 2007.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mai 2006 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/fr\/report\/95263\/mali-chronologie-du-conflit-dans-le-nord-du-pays\"><span class=\"s1\">attaque des garnisons de Kidal et M\u00e9naka<\/span><\/a>\u00a0par &#8220;l\u2019Alliance d\u00e9mocratique pour le changement du 23 mai&#8221; (ADC) qui marque le d\u00e9but d\u2019une nouvelle r\u00e9bellion touar\u00e8gue.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Juillet 2006 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_060704_Accord%20d'Alger.pdf\"><span class=\"s3\">Accord d\u2019Alger pour la Restauration de la Paix, de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du D\u00e9veloppement dans la r\u00e9gion de Kidal<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mai 2007 :<\/b>\u00a0reprise du conflit touareg : affrontements, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts d\u2019armes, enl\u00e8vements.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>2010 :\u00a0<\/b>crise diplomatique (f\u00e9vrier) due aux agissements d\u2019Al-Qa\u00efda au Maghreb islamique (AQMI). Nord du pays travers\u00e9 par des combattants islamistes d\u2019AQMI, des rebelles touaregs et des trafiquants en tous genres.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>2011 :\u00a0<\/b>dans toute la r\u00e9gion du Sahel, multiplication des prises d\u2019otages de ressortissants occidentaux, notamment fran\u00e7ais. Nord du pays d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9 par la<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO\/la-guerre-en-libye-chronologie-des-evenements_1559992_3212.html\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2011\/08\/17\/la-guerre-en-libye-chronologie-des-evenements_1559992_3212.html\"><span class=\"s1\">guerre en Libye<\/span><\/a>. Cr\u00e9ation le 16 octobre du Mouvement National pour la lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019Azawad (MNLA) qui revendique l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Azawad.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>D\u00e9but 2012 :\u00a0<\/b>affrontements entre l\u2019arm\u00e9e gouvernementale et le MNLA.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mars 2012 :<\/b>\u00a0coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire d\u00e9clench\u00e9 par le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/176865\/politique\/mali-coup-d-tat-militaire-contre-le-pr-sident-att\/\"><span class=\"s1\">capitaine Amadou Sanogo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0qui renverse le pr\u00e9sident Amadou Toumani Tour\u00e9 \u00e0 quelques semaines de l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle qui marquait la fin de son second mandat.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Avril 2012 :<\/b>\u00a0le 6 avril, le MNLA proclame la naissance de la R\u00e9publique ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019Azawad. Progression des groupes rebelles du pays provoquant le d\u00e9part de centaines de milliers de personnes vers le Burkina Faso et la Mauritanie. Le 12 avril : pour assurer la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat et le fonctionnement des institutions, mise en place d\u2019un gouvernement de transition compos\u00e9 de civils et de militaires et dirig\u00e9 par\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/koulouba.ml\/la-presidence\/histoire-symboles\/les-anciens-presidents-de-la-republique\/la-ceremonie-dinvestiture-du-president\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Dioncounda Traor\u00e9<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Janvier 2013 :\u00a0<\/b>d\u00e9but de l\u2019intervention militaire de la France au Mali \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ina.fr\/ina-eclaire-actu\/11-janvier-2013-le-debut-des-operations-militaires-francaises-au-mali\"><span class=\"s1\">Op\u00e9ration Serval<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Avril 2013 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/minusma.unmissions.org\/historique\"><span class=\"s1\">R\u00e9solution 2100 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU<\/span><\/a>, cr\u00e9ation de la Mission multidimensionnelle int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des Nations unies pour la stabilisation au Mali (MINUSMA).<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Juin 2013 :<\/b>\u00a0signature de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/ML_130618_AccordElectionsDialogueInclusif.pdf\"><span class=\"s3\">Accord pour la paix dit Accord de Ouagadougou<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Ao\u00fbt 2013 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ofrtp-mali-election-20130815-idFRPAE97E01420130815\/\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00e9lection de Ibrahim Boubacar Ke\u00efta<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(IBK) \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Juillet 2014 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.resdal.org\/ASSN\/assets\/traite-de-cooperation.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">trait\u00e9 de coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense<\/span><\/a>\u00a0entre France et Mali. Cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019op\u00e9ration\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/operations\/bande-sahelo-saharienne\/operation-barkhane\"><span class=\"s1\">Barkhane<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Juin 2015 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peaceagreements.org\/wview\/1365\/Accord%20Pour%20la%20Paix%20et%20la%20Reconciliation%20au%20Mali%20-%20Issu%20du%20Processus%20d'Alger\"><span class=\"s3\">Accord pour la Paix et la R\u00e9conciliation au Mali issu du processus d\u2019Alger<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Octobre 2016 :\u00a0<\/b>l\u2019\u00c9tat Islamique\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20161031-mali-groupe-etat-islamique-officialise-presence-sahel-Abou-Walid-Sahraoui\"><span class=\"s1\">confirme sa pr\u00e9sence<\/span><\/a>\u00a0au Mali.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mars 2017 :\u00a0<\/b>cr\u00e9ation du Groupe de soutien \u00e0 l\u2019islam et aux musulmans &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/fr\/content\/jamaa-nusrat-ul-islam-wa-al-muslimin-jnim\"><span class=\"s1\">GSIM\/JNIM<\/span><\/a>, affili\u00e9 \u00e0 Al Qa\u00efda.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Printemps 2020 :\u00a0<\/b>d\u00e9but des mouvements de contestation contre le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6J8gmHR0vvo\"><span class=\"s1\">r\u00e9gime IBK\u00a0<\/span><\/a>men\u00e9s par le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/monde\/afrique\/societe-africaine\/mali-l-influent-et-virulent-imam-mahmoud-dicko-lance-son-mouvement-politique_3609581.html\"><span class=\"s1\">M5-RFP<\/span><\/a>\u00a0et la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/mali-le-m5-rfp-pour-une-coop%C3%A9ration-fructueuse-avec-la-turquie-jeanmille-bittar\/2507936\"><span class=\"s1\">CMAS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0de l\u2019Iman Dicko.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Ao\u00fbt 2020 :\u00a0<\/b>coup d\u2019\u00c9tat des colonels du Comit\u00e9 national pour le Salut du peuple, avec \u00e0 sa t\u00eate Assimi Goita.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Octobre 2020 :<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sgg-mali.ml\/JO\/2020\/mali-jo-2020-17-sp.pdf\"><span class=\"s3\">Charte de la Transition<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mai 2021 :\u00a0<\/b>deuxi\u00e8me coup d\u2019\u00c9tat du vice-pr\u00e9sident Colonel\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/koulouba.ml\/institutions\/le-president\/assimi-goita-2\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Assimi Goita<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>F\u00e9vrier 2022 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20220221-mali-les-autorit%C3%A9s-de-transition-adoptent-une-nouvelle-charte\"><span class=\"s1\">r\u00e9vision<\/span><\/a>\u00a0et approbation par le Conseil national de transition de la\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Mali-Decret-2020-72-charte-transition.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Charte de la Transition<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Mars 2022 :\u00a0<\/b>extension de la dur\u00e9e de la transition \u00e0 deux ans\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VOAAfrique\/videos\/la-transition-malienne-va-durer-deux-ans\/550676146655563\/?locale=ms_MY\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00e0 compter du 26 mars 2022<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Ao\u00fbt 2022 :<\/b>\u00a0 d\u00e9part du dernier soldat fran\u00e7ais au Mali.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/emmanuel-macron\/2022\/08\/15\/retrait-de-la-force-barkhane-du-mali\"><span class=\"s1\">Retrait de la force Barkhane au Mali<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Juin 2023 :<\/b>\u00a0organisation du\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/fr\/afrique\/20230618-au-mali-les-citoyens-se-prononcent-par-r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum-sur-une-nouvelle-constitution\"><span class=\"s1\">r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum constitutionnel<\/span><\/a>. Le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU annonce le retrait de la MINUSMA par la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/documents.un.org\/doc\/undoc\/gen\/n23\/189\/37\/pdf\/n2318937.pdf?token=7WDcOpsWPBPw2ym1KZ&amp;fe=true\"><span class=\"s1\">r\u00e9solution 2690<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Juillet 2023 :\u00a0<\/b>adoption de la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sgg-mali.ml\/JO\/2023\/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf\"><span class=\"s1\">Nouvelle Constitution du Mali<\/span><\/a>\u00a0par la Cour constitutionnelle et promulgation.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Septembre 2023 :<\/b>\u00a0cr\u00e9ation de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/burkina-faso-mali-et-niger-signent-un-pacte-de-defense-lalliance-des-etats-du-sahel-en-quete-dautonomie-strategique-215361\"><span class=\"s1\">l\u2019Alliance des \u00c9tats du Sahel<\/span><\/a>. Annonce d\u2019un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/mali-le-gouvernement-annonce-un-l%C3%A9ger-report-de-la-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-pour-des-raisons-techniques-\/3000479\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00ab l\u00e9ger \u00bb report<\/span><\/a>\u00a0de l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle au Mali.<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Novembre 2023 :<\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.africanews.com\/2023\/11\/15\/mali-des-cles-pour-comprendre-la-reprise-de-kidal\/\"><span class=\"s1\">reprise de Kidal<\/span><\/a>, le foyer de la revendication ind\u00e9pendantiste.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>D\u00e9cembre 2023 :\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/minusma.unmissions.org\/discours-du-chef-de-la-minusma-el-ghassim-wane-c%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie-officielle-de-cl%C3%B4ture-de-la-minusma-11\"><span class=\"s3\">retrait officiel de la MINUSMA<\/span><\/a>. Annonce du Pr\u00e9sident de la transition de l\u2019organisation du\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20240102-annonce-d-un-dialogue-inter-malien-pour-la-paix-comment-et-avec-qui\"><span class=\"s3\">dialogue inter-malien pour la paix et la r\u00e9conciliation<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><b>Janvier 2024 :<\/b>\u00a0les autorit\u00e9s de la transition annoncent avec \u00ab effet imm\u00e9diat \u00bb la<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1552513\/archives-thematique\/le-mali-a-officiellement-mis-fin-a-laccord-de-paix-dalger\/\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0fin de l\u2019Accord d\u2019Alger<\/span><\/a>. Le Mali, le Burkina Faso et le Niger annoncent leur\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1531715\/politique\/le-mali-le-burkina-faso-et-le-niger-ont-notifie-leur-retrait-a-la-cedeao\/\"><span class=\"s1\">retrait de la CEDEAO<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c2097b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8c2097b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e215d70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e215d70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"hero\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2487185 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2487185\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d726a8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d726a8a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-392d4f2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"392d4f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f03bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f03bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"p1\"><b>Les h\u00e9ros et les guerriers du Mali<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a989920 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a989920\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f58393 elementor-view-stacked elementor-fixed elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"2f58393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"#header\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-alt-circle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 256C8 119 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256zm292 116V256h70.9c10.7 0 16.1-13 8.5-20.5L264.5 121.2c-4.7-4.7-12.2-4.7-16.9 0l-115 114.3c-7.6 7.6-2.2 20.5 8.5 20.5H212v116c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h64c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58553b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"58553b7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5138e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d5138e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4156\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0001.jpg 1688w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9756d1a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9756d1a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d192686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d192686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0002-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4157\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0002-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0002-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0002-150x150.jpg 150w, 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src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4158\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0003.jpg 1688w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56c9886 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56c9886\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a7eab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"20a7eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0004-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4159\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0004-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b2e8b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5b2e8b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0005-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4160\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0005-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0005-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0005-150x150.jpg 150w, 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src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4161\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0006.jpg 1688w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49b4863 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"49b4863\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e521c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5e521c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4162\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Heros-et-guerriers-de-Mali-3_page-0007.jpg 1688w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MALI En savoir plus sur la situation et l\u2019histoire du Mali retour Le Mali en chiffres Carte actualis\u00e9e \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9solution 2797 du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies (2025). En savoir plus sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019histoire du pays ? Lectures et vid\u00e9os sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es Les diff\u00e9rents accords de paix depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-239","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239"}],"version-history":[{"count":177,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6804,"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/239\/revisions\/6804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africansecuritynetwork.org\/HSGO4\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}